Quail and Sparrow

I submitted my siting to the online bird database. The first thing they told me – and I expected them to tell me this – was that I likely did not see what I told them I saw.  But that’s ok, the data managers’ responsibility is to ensure the data submitted makes sense.

What I had seen was a black bellied whistling duck (BBWD). But I knew the bird was way out of its normal neighborhood. The BBWD is a bird of Florida and southeast Texas and up the Mississippi River as far as Tennessee. The map of its range can be seen on the black bellied whistling duck page of the terrific, on-line Cornell guide to birds. But it is not seen in a creek in the hills of Virginia. But that’s where I saw him, or rather them. Three BBWD standing in a creek on those long, very unduck-like legs with their long necks held high.

They looked quite at home in this lowland stream. And I was very much at home in the outdoors walking these woodland paths. I had not seen one of these long-legged ducks before, but I knew them from pictures. I was certain they were not geese. But I was surprised to see them there minding their business while I minded mine. As I watched them they flew off to some other more private stream. I imagine that they were heading back to a location that they are more use to. I watched them until they disappeared through the trees. I stood and continued to watch and listen in case they circled back. They did not.

What is it about birds that has the capability to enrapture us?

I think it’s because they make themselves available to us. They fly overhead. They will sit in a bush – perhaps hidden – and sing to us and to all of creation. They have the capability to remind us of the life and the beauty that is abundant in this world. And knowing this, they also remind us of our responsibility to enjoy and protect them, and to protect areas in which they can live so that they come back year in and year out to nest and sing and give new life and joy. The appearance of a certain bird may be a harbinger of spring. Or it may be an indication of a change in the weather, as gulls flocking inland may be warning of a storm. Their morning songs bring up the sun. And their last flights of evening bring the return to the nest and the calm of the night.

There are two birds in which I am currently interested as a volunteer citizen-scientist for a national park. I help with the park’s bird observation and management programs. It’s great. I have a reason to be out in the woods and the open fields. And it takes me out for the sunrise and into the new day that follows. I often hike to my listening stations in the pre-dawn darkness. It takes me out in the Spring and in the Fall and my task is – to listen to the birds sing.

I listen for the gentle call of the Northern Bobwhite Quail and the often hidden and reclusive Henslow’s Sparrow, a little bird of the open fields. The surveys each bird are repeated in selected areas along specific transects with established stations. It requires standing still and listening; it requires patience. Often I do not hear the quail whether it be the well-know “bob-white” call or the more muted nesting calls that might be heard. Nor do I often hear the Henslow’s Sparrow the thin, reedy notes that might rise and fall in the tall grass. But that’s all part of being outside. The birds are allowing me to share their home. I come with respect and quietness.  And I am rewarded, if not by the song of my subject bird, by the call of all their feathered partners of the woods and fields.

Listening and surveying for these birds is part of an overall program to determine the health of the local environment and its ability to support these birds and birds similar to them. If the birds are present it means that they have an adequate food supply and have a place to perch, or hide, or loaf. I love that term and often picture the quail loafing around their nesting area. However, absence of these birds indicates that they and other birds may not find the food or cover or level of calmness that they like in order to take up and maintain residence in the area. As noted above we have a responsibility to ensure that we maintain and conserve areas where wildlife may thrive and we can go and loaf ourselves.

And the Whistling Ducks, they are welcome to come back anytime, but I agree with the purveyors of protocol on the bird site. This is not a normal occurrence, but it is the normal and the not-normal that continue to draw me outside to enjoy the birds, and the woods, streams and open fields.

Halcyon!

Picture is taken from Jules Breton’s painting “The Song of the Lark” from the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.

Where AI ?

“The Mars Curiosity rover is equipped with “AI” technology that selects research targets.” This statement introduces Elizabeth Howell’s article in Seeker (published 08/22/2017). The article presents NASA’s current and planned future use of robots with “AI” on Mars and potentially for missions beyond the solar system.  But how else will we use Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Where can AI take us? Where are we allowing AI in our lives? Is it taking us into the realm of science fiction and a world apocalypse as pictured in the Terminator movies? Or is it taking us into a highly promising realm in which information can be gathered, and decisions can be made rapidly resulting in an improved life for humanity?

For the Mars rover – or any other expensive and far-off piece of rolling stock, we do not want it to have to query us – its operators/mission-controllers – whenever it perceives an issue with its surroundings. We do not want it to have to ask us whether it should stop or turn around or go straight whenever it reaches an obstacle. Especially if it takes 30 minutes (Mars approximate query and response time) or 2 hours (Jupiter approximate query and response time).  We can all understand that a piece of equipment or a scientific instrument which can operate independently may be a greater benefit to us and perhaps to the device itself.

Now consider something closer, the common household thermostat. Thermostats operate on their own once they are programmed to do so. If your thermostat had to ask you if the house was too hot at 82 degree (F), and you as the mission-controller had to get up and touch it or yell across the room to tell it what to do – you would not be satisfied. The system would not be efficient. There would only be the perception of the surroundings by the thermostat but no helpful outcome. The type of independence found in the common thermostat requires that the robot – or independent operational equipment (InEqu) – must progress beyond a perception of its surroundings and take an action.

The type of independence needed in the Mars rover is of a higher level. The rover needs to be able to operate with a high level of independence in order to fulfill its mission. It must be able to perceive its surroundings, determine possible alternative courses of action, analyze the potential outcome of an action, then make a decision, and act along the chosen course of action.

This decision-making has long engrossed science fiction fans and generated countless arguments concerning the application of Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. These laws establish a progression of decision-making to protect humans as well as the robot itself. These ideas intrigue us even though we are barely on the threshold of AI. How can we be certain that a robot on Mars will follow a given process of decision making that will enable it to protect itself and thereby protect its mission?

Also, what are these robots that can take independent action? Please do not picture a bipedal, smiling ape visage. Yet that is what we most often think of when we hear the term “robot.” I would venture to say that the vast majority of robots around us today look nothing like a human or a rabbit or any creature that we may try to envision. A welding robot which looks like a disembodied ant eater is probably one of the more common robots. It has no need for legs or for a face or for friendly features. It has a task to do and a place to fit. I will certainly agree that when we humans have to deal directly with a robot it is nice to have a familiar appearance or a cute face so we are at ease in our dealings with them. I raise my hat to the robots in the Henn-na hotel in Nagasaki as reported by Monisha Rajesh in The Guardian (08/14/2015). A smiling lady – a velociraptor, both of which we all know and love. These androids (from the Greek as in human-like) are willing to interact with us due to their programming. We might be willing to interact with them as they do not appear any more dangerous that a kitten. Japan will likely continue to lead in AI/InEqu. Their preparations for the 2020 Olympics include AI in transportation, security, and in traveler’s assistance such as language translation and general information.

But back to the question – where are we taking – or being taken – by AI in our lives? The initial answer is we, the builders of the InEqu (pronounced as ‘any-que’), will allow AI to take us as far as we program it. But then there is the case of Facebook’s robots as presented in Forbes.com by Tony Bradley, 07/31/2017. These devices remarkably went beyond their programming. Here was a system created to support a Facebook process, but then the AI devices developed their own language to speed/enhance their ability to communicate with itself/each other. Isn’t enhancing speed and operability what we want? To be able to sort information quickly? To be able to improve processes quickly? In this case, it might not have been a total surprise to Facebook’s “people”, but to the rest of us it was a “Wow” moment. Hopefully one in which we said, “Wow – isn’t that cool,” rather than “Wow – shut it off and don’t do that anymore.”

Only two decades ago many of us thought that a vacuum cleaner that operated by itself and could scare the pants of a cat was pretty sharp. We have moved beyond that quickly and will continue to do so. This, like the thermostat, may be considered “little AI”. Yet – again – where will we end up? I believe we will not end – but will continue to progress and to harness the ability of an InEqu to analyze (think?) and act independently for our benefit. In other words, to help us pursue and uphold our inalienable rights.

My first interaction with “big AI” will likely be the self-driving car. No kitten this, and hopefully my first interaction will not involve insurance companies. But these large, metal moving machines are just the InEqu’s that we are driving towards (pun intended).

I love to drive; in an active sense. I get into my car, and hands on the wheel I drive to work. I may listen to music on the radio. I watch the other drivers and pay attention to the road. I see a driver over there paying attention to their text message. I see another in animated conversation with a person that may be on the other side of the planet. For those people (assuming they are not androids) self-driving cars cannot come soon enough. But for me I will stay in my big old Detroit steel shell and enjoy the road. It is my cocoon against the assault of AI. It’s coming sure enough. I’m just not ready to participate. This then is my declaration of being independent.

Wired magazine in their August 2017 issue asks if we fear the future. I say, No. I look forward to the future. I just hope that when the texting population gets to their destination that the AI in their Detroit steel is programmed to wake them up and ask them if they want to take their coffee with them. Wired magazine enjoys writing about AI. And we should be glad that they do. It keeps alive the idea of machines/robots/InEqu that can do their jobs/processes quickly and efficiently and allow their human counterparts time to improve the overall process. This is not an us versus them; it is just an us – InEqu and people. In the meantime, enjoy the science fiction and stay in touch with will be appearing at the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.

Keep on Trucking

It happened long before the real “Mr. Natural” stepped into our lives in the 1960s.

A no-name star, perhaps now disappeared over some cosmic horizon, passed through the solar neighborhood and shook things up.

Maybe.

A Space.com article by Meghan Bartels reports on a recent paper published on arXiv.org in which a team of astronomers writes on the possibility of this now long gone star pulling on the early outer solar system and shifting orbits so they are way out of the solar ecliptic plane. The team of astronomers used computer models to study the possibility of the extra-solar visitor – which I am calling Mr. Natural – and the possible results of its passing. Such a pass could have pulled the trans-Neptunian objects (NTO) of the solar system into the eccentric orbits that we can observe today.

Being outside and enjoying what our world offers includes looking up at the night sky. If while looking up at the night sky, we could see the solar system objects that reside beyond Neptune we would see that their orbits are wildly eccentric when compared to the orbits of planets like Earth and Mars. In contrast to our earthly, tight, elliptical orbit of the sun, the orbits for those NTOs are long, stretched-out ellipses. For example, Sedna, which is mentioned in the Space.com article, is a dwarf planet beyond what we would generally consider the edge of our solar system. Its orbit of the sun takes 10,000 years. The closest it gets to the sun is further than 7 billion miles away from the sun. That’s more than 75 times greater than the Earth’s average closest approach to the sun of 93 million miles. Something likely gave Sedna and the other outer solar system objects quite a tug of gravity a long time ago. According to the arXiv.org paper this might have happened as early as 10 million years after the formation of the solar system – which is presumed to be 5 billion years old. So that passing star came and went a long time before the creation of life and a long, long time before even the oldest dinosaur.

The creation of the universe – and of the Earth – and all the life that teems on this Earth is worth considering. When I look at the blossom of a tiny wildflower I can think of its place and my own place in the universe. The flower and I are small parts of the greater cosmos. And we can benefit each other, each giving according to its ability. The flower gives beauty. It accents an open meadow or a shaded woodland glen. It may give nectar to a bird or bee, or be food for the rabbit or the browsing deer. I can see and understand this flower’s part in the greater scheme of life. And for my part, I can be a steward of the flower, and of the meadow, and of the woodland glen. I can respond with joy to the beauty and worth of the flower as well as that of all creation, from this tiny blossom, to the solar system, and to the vast cosmos beyond.

And to Mr. Natural – the presumed passing star of millennia ago – I say “Keep on trucking!”

associated picture is from “Outer solar system possibly shaped by a stellar fly-by”, arXiv.org, S. Pfalzner, et.al., posted July 9, 2018.

Source: https://www.space.com/41212-wandering-star-disturbed-outer-solar-system.html